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oscp/Necronomicon/OSINT/Apex Domains and Subdomains.md
2025-11-21 17:17:42 +01:00

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- Scraping
- Tons of databases and data projects exist to catalogue related URLs and domains
- Google Dorking
- Google a domain, then progressively subtract known subdomains
1. site:twitch.tv -www.twitch.tv
2. site:twitch.tv -www.twitch.tv -watch.twitch.tv
3. site:twitch.tv -www.twitch.tv -watch.twitch.tv -dev.twitch.tv
4. ...
- [Amass](https://github.com/caffix/amass)
- Will automatically extract subdomain data from tons of sources and optionally brute force subdomains as well.
- Also groups scraped domains to ASNs, owners, and IP ranges
- Make sure to review the [API Keys](obsidian://open?vault=Necronomicon&file=Necronomicon%2FOSINT%2FAPI%20Keys) page to make your Amass as much as it can be
- `amass enum list`
- `amass enum -list | grep -v "\*"`
- Put the keys in `~/.config/amass/config.ini`
- [Subfinder](https://github.com/subfinder)
- Similar to Amass - use both and concat | uniq the output
- [BBOT](https://github.com/blacklanternsecurity/bbot)
- Huge tool with subdomain scraping, brute force, web spidering, and more.
- The output is a file at `/root/.bbot/scans/{scan_name}/`
- `cat /root/.bbot/scans/{scan_name}/output.txt | grep -F '[DNS_NAME] | awk '{print $2}'`
- Subdomain brute force
- Very slow - try using threaded tools that will use multiple DNS resolvers
- [PureDNS](https://github.com/d3mondev/puredns)
- Wrapper around [MassDNS](https://github.com/blechschmidt/massdns) and adds features
- `puredns bruteforce <subdomain_list> tesla.com -r resolvers.txt`
- DNS resolvers: https://github.com/trickest/resolvers
- Permutation/Alteration scanning - predict other subdomain names based on patterns
- [altdns](https://github.com/infosec-au/altdns) - generate permutations, but doesn't attempt to resolve. Use with PureDNS
- [dnsgen](https://github.com/ProjectAnte/dnsgen.git) - generate permutations, but doesn't attempt to resolve. Use with PureDNS
- `cat <file_of_subdomains.txt> | dnsgen - | puredns resolve --resolvers resolvers.txt`
- Shodan
- [Shosubgo](https://github.com/incogbyte/shosubgo)
- `go run main.go -d <target_domain>`
- Shodan from CLI is better for large targets - NahamSec has a great video on this and parsing output
- [NahamSec - Asset Discovery Using Shodan](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CL_8GRNVTE)
- Acquisitions
- [Crunchbase](https://www.crunchbase.com/)
- Business information about acquisitions and mergers - new apex domains that belong to your target for enumeration, phishing, etc.
- Companies often don't force newly acquired companies to change to their infrastructure immediately.
- Also gives:
- information on company leadership and employees - even past employees
- Tech stack info
- Annual revenue
- Events
- Recent news
- Other fantastic contextual data
- [OCCRP](https://aleph.occrp.org)
- global archive of research material for investigative reporting. They keep track of 414 million public entities and parse over 252 discrete datasets in more than 141 countries.
- When searching for a company, find the entry that comes up, closely related to your company and associated with the dataset "US SEC CorpWatch.“
- Look for one with a substantial list of assets
- Provides a list of acquisitions and investments by your target
- Reverse WHOIS
- The purpose of this is to search WHOIS data to hopefully find other apex domains owned by the target.
- For example, searching WHOIS data for the "Organization Name" or "Registrant Email" of the target
- https://whoxy.com - cheapest place for access to reverse WHOIS and WHOIS data in general.
- API - 1000 queries for $10
- `https://api.whoxy.com/?key=xxxxx&reverse=whois&keyword=google&mode=domains`
- Using AI for recon
- *Current dataset cuts off in 2021; all results should be rigorously verified*
- Acquisitions
- "What can you tell me about Tesla's acquisitions?"
- Subdomains
- [SubreconGPT](https://github.com/jhaddix/SubreconGPT)
- Script that accepts a list of subdomains and for each one, it will have GPT4 guess similar/related subdomains and check whether they resolve
- Linked Discovery
- This essentially involves spidering pages at the known domains of the target to discover more related domains.
- BurpSuite:
1. Turn off passive scanning
2. Set forms auto to submit (if youre feeling frisky)
3. Set scope to advanced control and use “keyword” of target name (not a normal FQDN)
4. Walk+browse main site, then spider all hosts recursively!
5. Profit
- To export the found domains/subdomains:
1. Select all hosts in the site tree
2. In PRO ONLY right click the selected hosts
3. Go to “Engagement Tools” -> “Analyze target”
4. Save report as an html file
5. Copy the hosts from the “Target” section
- [GoSpider](https://github.com/jaeles-project/gospider)
- [hakrawler](https://github.com/hakluke/hakrawler)
- Ad & Analytics
- You can also glean related domains and subdomains by looking at a targets ad/analytics tracker codes. Many sites use the same codes across all their domains. Google analytics and New Relic codes are the most common.
- [BuiltWith](https://builtwith.com/)
- Example: https://builtwith.com/relationships/twitch.tv
- [getrelationship.py](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ m4ll0k/Bug-Bounty- Toolz/master/getrelationship.py)
- Will search BuiltWith from the command line with the help of your session token.
- Discover cloud endpoints behind Cloudflare, Akamai, etc.
- Pull CNAME records from domains
- `getent hosts <domain>`
- Analyze public IPs and cross-reference with IP ranges of various services like AWS
- [DNSCharts](https://dnscharts.hacklikeapornstar.com/)
-